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NDC Tracker

A source-led reading of 18 national climate pledges for 2035, set side by side without ranking them.

Each record links to the country’s own submission, with the baseline, gases, land-sector treatment and conditions as that source states them. This is a preview. It records what countries promised, not what they have achieved.

How to read it

A percentage means little without its baseline. Canada’s 45–50% below 2005 and the United Kingdom’s at least 81% below 1990 start from different years, so the numbers cannot be set side by side. Some pledges are not reductions from a base year at all: a fixed tonnage, a cut from an unnamed peak, or a change in emissions per unit of GDP. The charts keep those framings visible instead of converting them.

How records were chosen

The sample is selective, not exhaustive. It covers large and small emitters across six regions, favouring countries whose 2035 submissions could be read in full at a primary source. Many countries are missing, and absence says nothing about their ambition. Records were checked on 8 October 2026.

Compare the records

These are targets, not a ranking or a measure of current achievement. Choose a view, then filter by region or target type.

Region
Target type

Showing 18 of 18 records.

Reduction ranges

Each range stays attached to its own baseline year. Rows are grouped by baseline, so a 2005 percentage is never set against a 1990 one without the gap showing.

Fig. 01 · Reduction ranges by baseline yearGrouped by baseline, then alphabetical. Not ordered by ambition.
40%50%60%70%80%90%Reduction below stated baselineBaseline 1990European Union199066.25–72.5%Norway1990≥ 70–75%Switzerland1990≥ 65%United Kingdom1990≥ 81%Baseline 2005Australia200562–70%Brazil200559–67%Canada200545–50%New Zealand200551–55%United States200561–66%Baseline 2013Japan201360%Baseline 2019UAE201947%
Open ring: low end of a rangeFilled disc: high end, or the single stated valueRinged disc: single valueDashed line and arrow: stated as at least
View this chart as a table
Pledged reductions and baselines
CountryBaselinePledgeTarget year
European Union199066.25–72.5% below2035
Norway1990 national total without LULUCF (about 51.35 Mt CO2e)At least 70–75% below2035
Switzerland1990 net emissions including LULUCFAt least 65% below2035
United Kingdom1990 for CO2, CH4 and N2O; 1995 for HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3At least 81% below2035
Australia2005 net national emissions62–70% below2035
Brazil2005 net emissions (2.56 GtCO2e on the AR5 metric in the inventory cited)59–67% below2035
Canada2005 (baseline excludes LULUCF)45–50% below2035
New Zealand2005 gross emissions51–55% below2035
United States2005 net emissions (6,587 Mt CO2e in the inventory cited)61–66% below2035
JapanFiscal year 2013 (1,407 Mt CO2e in the inventory cited)60% below2035
United Arab Emirates2019 net emissions (196.3 MtCO2e, including LULUCF)47% below2035

Framed differently, so not plotted

These pledges are not percentage cuts from a base year. Placing them on the same axis would imply a comparison the sources do not support.

  • Chile · Fixed emissions level · At most 90 Mt CO2e. An absolute emissions level or budget in tonnes, with no base year.
  • China · Relative to peak · 7–10% below peak. A cut from the country's own peak emissions, with the peak year left open.
  • India · Emissions intensity · 47% lower intensity. A cut in emissions per unit of GDP, which can rise or fall with growth.
  • Indonesia · Level relative to reference year · 10% to 56% above 2019. A 2035 emissions level expressed against a reference year, as scenarios.
  • Mexico · Fixed emissions level · 364–404 Mt CO2e. An absolute emissions level or budget in tonnes, with no base year.
  • Singapore · Fixed emissions level · 45–50 Mt CO2e. An absolute emissions level or budget in tonnes, with no base year.
  • South Africa · Fixed emissions level · 320–380 Mt CO2e. An absolute emissions level or budget in tonnes, with no base year.

Select a row in the chart, or move to it with the keyboard, to see the source, conditions and limitations for that record.

Limitations

  • Targets differ in baseline, coverage, accounting rules and use of international credits. The tracker does not adjust for any of these.
  • “Not stated in the source reviewed” means exactly that. It does not mean the country has no position.
  • Some records rest on a government report or a Council note where the submitted text could not be opened. Each record says which. Submission dates marked as reported come from secondary sources.
  • Some documents were read in translation or in Spanish. Check the linked source before quoting a figure.
  • Pledges can be revised, withdrawn or superseded. The United States entry is a historical record.
  • No policy, inventory or delivery is assessed here.

Spot a source correction or missing qualification? Email a correction for NDC Tracker.